个人简介

卜兆君，博士，教授，博士生导师，院党委书记。主要从事湿地科学和生态地理教学与研究工作。

   科研业绩

先后主持6项国家自然科学基金，在New Phytologist、Earth-Science Reviews、Water Research、Journal of Experimental Botany、Ecosystems、Oecologia、American Journal of Botany、Plant & Soil、Basic & Applied Ecology、Quaternary Science Reviews、Wetlands等刊物上发表论文120篇，参编《吉林湿地》《中国湿地与湿地研究》《湿地生态系统观测方法》等5部专著。

   学术兼职

兼任长白山湿地生态过程与环境变化吉林省重点实验室主任、中国生态学会湿地生态专业委员会副主任委员、教育部自然保护与环境生态类教学指导委员会委员、国际泥炭沼泽保护组织理事会理事、中国地理学会生物地理专业委员会委员、中国植物学会苔藓植物专业委员会委员、国际苔藓学家学会（IAB）会员、国际化感学会(IAS)会员。

兼任《Mires & Peat》《Wetlands》《Scientific Reports》《Frontiers in Environmental Science》《湿地科学》和《腐植酸》编委。

   科研兴趣

以高碳汇湿地生态系统——泥炭地为研究地，以高效碳固持植物——泥炭藓为主要材料，研究植物繁殖体长存与种群持续更新机制、植物与多样性地理分布格局及其形成机制以及植物-土壤系统碳固持功能对环境变化的响应。

   科研网页

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zhao_Jun_Bu.

   研究生招生专业

硕士生：自然地理学、湿地科学；

博士生：湿地科学。

欢迎感兴趣的同学通过推免或报考加入研究团队！欢迎邮件(buzhaojun@nenu.edu.cn)联系~_~！

   学习经历

2000/09 – 2004/12，东北师范大学生命科学学院， 获生态学博士学位

1995/09 – 1998/07，东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院， 获自然地理学硕士学位

1991/09 – 1995/07，东北师范大学环境科学系， 获环境科学学士学位

   工作经历

2013/12 – 现 在， 东北师范大学地理科学学院， 教 授

2005/12 – 2013/12，东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院， 副 教 授

2001/07 – 2005/12，东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院， 讲 师

1998/07 - 2001/07，东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院， 助 教

2018/01 - 2018/02，澳大利亚New South Wales大学生物、地球与环境学院 访问教授

2016/05 - 2016/06，日本Hokkaido大学地球环境研究院， 访问教授

2012/02 – 2013/02，加拿大McGill大学地理系, 访问学者

2010/11 – 2011/01，美国S.Illinois大学植物生物学系, 访问学者

2002/09 – 2003/05，瑞典Uppsala大学植物生态系, 访问学者

   CURRICULUM VITA

   GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Zhao-Jun Bu, Ph.D, Professor, Associate Dean, Wetland Scientist and Plant Ecologist. Up to April 2021, he has published 108 peer-reviewed articles in total. Of the articles, 70 including those published in New Phytologist, Water Research, Earth-Science Reviews, Journal of Experimental Botany, Ecosystems, Quaternary Science Reviews, American Journal of Botany, Plant & Soil, Oecologia, Basic & Applied Ecology, Catena, Journal of Bryology, Acta Oecologica, Wetlands etc. are firstly or correspondingly authored by him. As a co-author he has published 5 monographs such as “Jilin Wetlands”, “Wetlands and Wetland Research in China” and “Observing Methods of Wetland Ecosystems”. He owns memberships of the Sixth Review Committee of National Nature Reserve of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Bryophyte Professional Council of Botanical Society of China, International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG), International Peat Society (IPS), International Association of Bryologists (IAB) and International Allelopathy Society (IAS). He is an associate editor for the journals, Wetlands, Mires & Peat and Chinese Journal of Humic Acid. He has ever reviewed manuscripts for more than 20 journals such as Oecologia, Journal of Vegetation Science, Ecology & Evolution, AoB Plants, Atmospheric Environment, Sustainability and so on.

   STUDENTS RECRUITMENT

Master students: Wetland Science or Physical Geography.

Ph.D students: Wetland Science.

Outstanding international Ph.D students are highly welcomed! Any applicant can send his/her resume to buzhaojun@nenu.edu.cn directly.

   EMPLOYMENT HISTROY

2013.12- Now Professor, Associate Dean, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University.

2005.12-2013.12 Associate Professor, College of Urban & Envrionmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University.

2001.07-2005.11 Lecturer, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University.

1998.07-2001.06 Assistant Professor, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University.

   SCIENTIFIC VISITING EXPERIENCE

2018.02-2018.02 Visiting Prof. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW). Co-operation scientist: Mark Ooi

2016.05-2016.06 Visiting Prof., Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University. Co-operation prof.: Shiro Tsuyuzaki

2012.02-2013.02 Visiting Scholar, Department of Geography, McGill University, Canada. Co-operation professor: Tim Moore.

2010.11-2011.01 Visiting Adjunct Professor, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, USA. Co-operation professor: Dale Vitt.

2002.09-2003.05 Visiting Scholar, Department of Plant Ecology, Uppsala University, Sweden. Co-operation professor: Hakan Rydin. 

   EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

2000.09-2004.12 Ph.D student, majoring plant ecology at College of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, P. R. China.

1995.09-1998.07 Master student, majoring physical geography at Department of Geography, Northeast Normal University, P. R. China.

1991.09-1995.07 Bachelor student, majoring environmental science at Department of Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, P. R. China.

   RESEARCH INTERESTS

Sphagnum; bryophyte; plant competition; allelopathy and defense; seed and spore ecology; peatland; carbon sequestration

   MAIN RESEARCH PROJECTS (since 2011)

Mechnism of establishment-dependent altitudinal differentiation of Sphagnum distribution in the Changbai Mountains. Jan. 1, 2024- Dec. 31, 2027. Under review.

Formation mechanism of persistent spore banks of bryophytes in peatlands of the Changbai Mountains. National Natural Science Foundation of China. Jan. 1, 2019- Dec. 31, 2022. RMB 600,000.

The mechanism of competition-allelopathy-defense trade-off related to niche differentiation of peatland bryophytes in the Changbai Mountains. National Natural Science Foundation of China. Jan. 1, 2015- Dec. 31, 2018. RMB 920,000.

Mechanism of plant-plant interaction mediating vegetation and carbon accumulation in the peatlands of the Changbai Mountains. National Natural Science Foundation of China. Jan. 1, 2014- Dec. 31, 2017. RMB 900,000.

Regulation mechanism of plant-plant interaction on the humped distribution pattern of Sphagnum richness in Changbai Mountains. National Natural Science Foundation of China. Jan. 1, 2010- Dec. 31, 2012. RMB 350,000.

 

代表论文REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS (*,通讯作者Corresponding author; #,指导的一作学生Supervised students)

 

++In preparation, submission, review and revision++

66)Wang J-Y#,Yusup S, Zhang J-Q, Zhang Z**, Bu Z-J*. Seed dormancy characteristics of 15 common peatland plant species in the Changbai Mountains. In preparation.

65)Yusup S#, Sundberg S, Ilghar W, Bu Z-J*. Spore size and germination behaviour in three peatland bryophyte species. In preparation.

64)Chen X#, Mallik A, Yu Z, Wang Z, Wang S, Dong Y, Zhang M-M**, Bu Z-J*. Effect of drainage on peat carbon stock and stability of a temperate peatland. Major revision.

63)Chen Y-D#, Liu C#, Moles A, Vincent J, Bu Z-J*. A hidden herbivory effect on Sphagnum reproduction. In minor revision.

62)Liu C#, Chen Y-D#, Mallik A, Jassey V, Rochefort L, Bu Z-J*. Monthly dynamics of phenolic release and allelopathic effect in hollow- and hummock Sphagnum. In press.

61)Yi B#, Lu F, Sundberg S, Yu Z, Wu Z, Wang M, Bu Z-J*. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide fluxes in a peatland in NE China. Under review after revision.

 

++2023++

60)Wang L, Zhang MM*, Smol JP, Bu Z-J, Liu S-S, Guo XC. 2023. Solar and ENSO activity affecting Late Holocene carbon accumulation rates in peatlands from Northeast Asia: Evidence from periodic signal analysis.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111697.

59)Ge LM, Chen C, Li T, Bu Z-J, Wang M*. 2023. Contrasting effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on fine root production and morphological traits of different plant functional types in an ombrotrophic peatland. Plant and Soil, DOI:10.1007/s11104-023-06087-3.

58)Zhang MM*, Smol JP, Bu Z-J. 2023. Holocene initiation and expansion of the southern margins of northern peatlands triggered by the East Asian summer monsoon recession.Geoscience Frontiers,14(2): 101526. doi: 10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101526.

57)Fan B#, Yusup S, Sundberg S, Chen Y-D, Qiao H, Liu S, Bu Z-J*. 2023. Dry/wet cycling reduces spore germination and viability in six peatland bryophytes. Plant Biology, 25(3): 440-447.

56)Lu F#, Wu J, Yi B, Xu Z, Wang M, Sundberg S, Bu Z-J*. 2023. Long-term phosphorus addition strongly weakens the carbon sink function of a temperate peatland. Ecosystems, 26(1): 201-216.

55)Yusup S#, Sundberg S, Ooi M, Zhang M, Rydin H, Sun Z, Wang M, Feng L, Chen X, Bu Z-J*. 2023. Smoke promotes germination of peatland bryophyte spores. Journal of Experimental Botany, 74 (1): 251–264.

 

++2022++

54)Li J, Bu Z-J, Huang X,Zeng L,Chen X*. 2022. The effects of environmental, climatic and spatial factors on diatom diversity in Sphagnum peatlands in central and northeastern China. Hydrobiologia, Http://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05100-7

53)Li T, Yuan X, Ge LM, Cao CH, Suo YC, Bu ZJ, Peng CH, Song HX, Liu ZP, Liu SS, Wang M*. 2022. Weak impact of nutrient enrichment on peat: evidence from physicochemical properties. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10:973626.

52)Yang Q, Li H, Zhao H, Chambers F, Bu Z-J, Bai E, Xu G. 2022. Plant assemblages-based quantitative reconstruction of past mire surface wetness: A case study in the Changbai Mountains region, Northeast China. Catena,216(1):106412

51)Zhang MM*, Smol J, Bu Z-J, Guo X, Li B.2022.The influences of volcanic eruptions on the development of peatland: A case study from the Changbai Mountains, Northeast Asia. Catena. 213, 106209.

50)Cao CH, Huang JJ, Ge LM, Li T, Bu Z-J, Wang SZ, Wang ZC, Liu ZP, Liu SS, Wang M*. 2022. Does shift in vegetation abundance after nitrogen and phosphorus additions play a key role in regulating fungal community structure in a northern peatland? Frontiers in Microbiology, 13:920382, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.920382.

49)Sun Z-Q, Bu Z-J*, Lu S*, Omasa K. 2022. A general algorithm of leaf chlorophyll content estimation for a wide range of plant species. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing PP(99):1-14.

48)Yusup S#, Sundberg S, Fan B, Maimaiti M*, Bu Z-J*. 2022. The response of spore germination of Sphagnum mosses to single and combined fire-related cues. Plants,11(4), 485.

47)Zhang MM*, Smol JP, Bu Z-J. 2022. Late Holocene tephrostratigraphic sequence of the Changbaishan volcanic field, China/North Korea. Gondwana Research, 106: 34-50.

46)Chen X, McGowan S,Bu Z-J, Huang X-Y, Bai X, Zhang Y-K, Peng J, Li J-L. 2022. Diatom-inferred microtopography formation in peatlands. Earth Surface Processes & Landforms.DOI: 10.1002/esp.5280.

45)Zhang MM*, Bu Z-J, Wang X-A, He P, Chen J, Cui Y-X. 2022. Petrochemical characteristics and geological significance of the tephra buried under peat deposits: Constrains on the Changbaishan Millennium eruption. Catena, 104: 105857.

44)Yi B#, Lu F, Bu Z-J*. 2022. Nitrogen deposition turns a temperate peatland from near-zero source into strong sink. Plant, Soil and Environment. 68: 49-58.

 

++2021++

43)Chen C-J, Liu X-Y*, Wang X-W, Hu C-C, Mao R, Bu Z-J, Fang Y-T, Hobbie EA, Koba K. 2021. Different leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and carbon and nitrogen isotopes among peatland plants in northeastern China. Plant and Soil, DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05085-7.

42)Asif T#, Naeem I, Bu Z-J*, Mallik A, Ma J-Z, Rochefort L. 2021. Litter mixing effects on decomposition in a peatland ­partially drained 30 years ago. Wetlands Ecology and Management， 29(6): 883–895. DOI: 10.1007/s11273-021-09818-4.

41)Li T, Peng CH, Bu Z-J, Zhu QA, Song HX, Guo XY, Wang M*. 2021. Woody plants reduce the sensitivity of soil extracellular enzyme activity to nutrient enrichment in wetlands: A meta- analysis. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 159:108280. DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108280.

40)Chen Y-D#, Moles A, Bu Z-J*, Zhang M-M, Wang Z-C, Zhao H-Y. 2021. Induced defense and its cost in two bryophyte species. American Journal of Botany, 108 (5): 777-787. Highlighted by editor- in-chief.

39)Zhang M-M*, Bu Z-J, Liu S-S, Chen J, Cui Y-X. 2021.Mid-late Holocene peatland vegetation-hydrology dynamics in Northeast Asia and their links with solar and ENSO activity. Catena, 203: 105339.

38)Wang H*, Tian J, Chen H, Ho M, Vilgalys R, Bu Z-J, Liu X, Richardon C. 2021. Vegetation and microbes interact to preserve carbon in many wooded peatlands. Communications Earth & Environment, 2: 67. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00136-4.

37)Zhang M-M*, Bu Z-J, Li HK, Liu SS, Chen J, Cui YX. 2021. Hydrological variation recorded in a subalpine peatland of Northeast Asia since the Little Ice Age and its possible driving mechanisms. Science of the Total Environment,772:144923.

36)Bai X, Piątek J, Wołowski K, Bu Z-J, Chen X.2021. Chrysophyte stomatocysts and their associations with environmental variables in three peatlands in the subtropical monsoon climate zone of China. Ecological Indicator, DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107125.

35) Xu GY, Wang ZC, Zhao HY,Bu Z-J, Peros M, Liu SS, Li HK, Wang SZ. 2021. Characteristics and Assessment of Trace Elements (Hg, As, Sb, Se, and Bi) in Mire Surface Water from the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China. Water Air Soil Pollution, 232: 246.

34)Bengtsson F*, Rydin H, Baltzer JL, Bragazza L, Bu ZJ...Granath G. 2021. Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region.Journal of Ecology,109: 417–431.

 

++2020++

33)Liu C#, Bu Z-J*, Mallik A, Chen Y-D, Hu X-F, Lu F. 2020. Inhibition or facilitation? Contrasted inter-specific interactions in Sphagnum under laboratory and field conditions. Plants, 9(11): 1554.

32)Wang L-Z#, Feng L, Bu Z-J*, Sundberg S, Zhang M-M, Chen X, Yang Y-H, Yu X-Y, Liu W-J. 2020. Sphagnum spore banks in two montane peatlands at different elevations. Wetlands Ecology and Management,28: 825–835. DOI: 10.1007/s11273-020-09752-x.

31)Li T, Ge LM, Huang JJ, Yuan X, Peng CH, Wang SZ, Bu Z-J,Zhu QA,Wang ZC, Wang M*. 2020. Contrasting responses of soil exoenzymatic interactions and the dissociated carbon transformation to short- and long-term drainage in a minerotrophic peatland. Geoderma,377:114585.

30)Zhang MM*, Bu Z-J, Cherm regions: A case study in the Gushantun peatland of northeast China. Earth Surface Processes & Landforms, DOI: 10.1002/esp.4956.

29)Chen X*, McGowan S, Bu Z-J*, Yang X-D, Cao Y-M, Bai X, Zeng L-H, Liang J, Qiao Q-L. 2020. Diatom-based water table reconstruction in Sphagnum peatlands of northeastern China. Water Research, 174, 115648.

28) Ma J-Z#, Chen X, Mallik A, Bu Z-J*, Zhang M-M, Wang S-Z*, Sundberg S. 2020. Environmental together with interspecific interactions determine bryophyte distribution in a protected mire of Northeast China. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8: 32. DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.00032.

27）Zhang M-M*, Bu Z-J*, Wang S-Z, Jiang M. 2020. Moisture changes in Northeast China since the last deglaciation: Spatiotemporal out-of-phase patterns and possible forcing mechanisms. Earth-Science Reviews, 201: 102984. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102984.

26) Liu C#, Bu Z-J*, Mallik A, Rochefort, L, Hu X-F, Yu Z. 2020. Resource competition and allelopathy in two peat mosses: implication for niche differentiation. Plant and Soil, 446(1): 229-242.

 

++2019++

25）Zhang M-M*, Bu Z-J*, Jiang M, Wang S-Z, Liu S-S, Jin Q, Shi P-H. 2019. Mid-late Holocene maar lake-mire transition in northeast China triggered by hydroclimatic variability. Quaternary Science Reviews, 220: 215-229.

24) Yang Q-N, Li H-C, Zhao H-Y*, Li H-K, Bu Z-J, Wang S-Z, Chou C-Y, Liu Z. 2019. Hydroclimate controls of the distribution and abundance of mosses in Hani mire, Northeast China: Modern vegetation survey and peat-core analysis. Quaternary International, 528: 30-40.

23) Zhang M-M, Bu Z-J*, Jiang M, Wang S-Z, Liu S-S, Chen X, Hao J, Liao W-Y. 2019. The development of Hani peatland in the Changbai Mountains (NE China) and its response to the variations of the East Asian summer monsoon. Science of the Total Environment, 692: 818-832.

22）Lu F, Bu Z-J, Lu S*. 2019.Estimating Chlorophyll content of leafy green vegetables from adaxial and abaxial reflectance. Sensors,19: 4059.

21) Li T, Bu Z-J, Liu W-Y, Zhang M-Y, Peng C, Zhu Q-A, Shi S, Wang M*. 2019. Weakening of the 'enzymatic latch' mechanism following long-term fertilization in a minerotrophic peatland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 136: 107528.

20) Wang M*, Tian JQ, Bu Z-J, Lamit LJ, Chen H, Zhu Q-A, Peng CH. 2019. Structural and functional differentiation of the microbial community in the surface and subsurface peat of two minerotrophic fens in China. Plant and Soil, 437: 21–40.

 

++2018++

19) Feng L#, Sundberg S, Ooi M, Wu Y-H, Wang M, Bu Z-J*. 2018. Oxygen-deficiency and allelochemicals affect Sphagnum spore persistence in peatlands. Plant and Soil, 432: 403-413.

18) Liu J, Wang Z-C, Zhao H-Y*, Peros M, Yang Q-N, Liu S-S, Li H-K, Wang S-Z, Bu Z-J. 2018. Mercury and arsenic in the surface peat soils of the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China: distribution, environmental controls, sources, and ecological risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(34): 34595-34609.

17) Bai X, Bu Z-J, Chen X*. 2018. Morphology of Chrysophycean stomatocysts in three peatlands in central China[J]. Mires and Peat, 21(19): 1-16.

16) Granath, G*, Rydin H, Baltzer JL, Bengtsson F, Boncek N, Bragazza L, Bu Z-J, et al. 2018. Environmental and taxonomic controls of carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition in Sphagnum across broad climatic and geographic ranges. Biogeosciences, 15: 5189-5202.

15) Wang Z-C*, Liu S-S, Bu Z-J, Wang S-Z. 2018. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Sphagnum litters decay. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25: 18642-18650. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2019-x.

 

++2017++

14) Feng L#, Bu Z-J*, Mallik A, Wang Z-C, Liu S-S, Wu Y-H*. 2017. Continuous waterlogging may not facilitate germinability maintenance of Sphagnum spores. Wetlands, 37: 1015-1022. DOI: 10.1007/s13157-017-0936-y.

13) Yang Q-N, Zhao H-Y*, Li H-C*, Li H-K, Bu Z-J, Wang S-Z, Wang A-X. 2017. Distributions of “bomb 14C”, biogeochemistry and elemental concentration in Hani mire peat profiles, NE China: Implications of environmental change. Quaternary International, 528: 30-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.033.

12) Cao Y-M, Chen X*, Bu Z-J, Zeng L. 2017. Spatial variations in the surface water chemistry of subtropical peatlands (Central China) linked to anthropogenic pressures. Water, 9, 505. DOI: 10.3390/w9070505.

11) Bu Z-J*, Sundberg S, Feng L, Li H-K, Zhao H-Y. Li H-C. 2017. The Methuselah of plant diaspores: Sphagnum spores can survive in nature for centuries. New Phytologist, 214: 1398-1402.

10) Wang Z-C*, Liu S-S, Huang C, Liu Y, Bu Z-J*. 2017. Impact of land use change on profile distributions of organic carbon fractions in peat and mineral soils in Northeast China. Catena, 152: 1-8.

9) Bu Z-J*, Li Z, Sundberg S, Liu L-J, Feng Y-M, Yang Y-H, Liu S, Song X. Zhang X-L. 2017. Bryophyte spore germinability is inhibited by peatland substrates. Acta Oecologica, 78:34-40.

 

++2016++

8) Chen X, Bu Z-J*, Stevenson MA, Cao Y, Zeng L, Qin B. 2016. Variations in diatom communities at genus and species levels in peatlands (central China) linked to microhabitats and environmental factors. Science of the Total Environment, 568: 137-146.

 

++2015++

7) Ma J-Z#, Bu Z-J*, Zheng X-X, Ge J-L, Wang S-Z. 2015. Effects of shading on relative competitive advantage of three species of Sphagnum. Mires & Peat, 16, Article 04, 1–17.

 

++2014++

6) Ren M-X, Bu Z-J*. 2014. Is there 'anther-Anther interference' within a flower? Evidences from one-by-one stamen movement in an insect-pollinated plant. PloS ONE, 9 (1): e86581. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086581.

 

++2013++

5) Bu Z-J*, Zheng X-X, Rydin H, Moore T, Ma Sphagnum? Basic and Applied Ecology, 14(7): 574-584.

4) Bu Z-J*, Chen X, Rydin H, Wang S-Z, Ma J-Z, Zeng J. 2013. Performance of four mosses in a reciprocal transplant experiment: indication for peatland succession in NE China. Journal of Bryology, 35(3): 220-227.

 

++2012++

3) Chen X*, Bu Z-J, Yang X-D, Wang S-Z. 2012. Epiphytic diatoms and their relation to moisture and moss composition in two montane peatlands, Northeast China. Fundamental and Applied limnology, 181(3): 197-206.

 

++2011++

2) Bu Z-J, Rydin H* & Chen X. 2011. Direct and interaction-mediated effects of environmental changes on peatland bryophytes. Oecologia, 166(2): 555-563.

1) Bu Z-J*, Joosten, H, Li H, Zhao G, Zheng X, Ma J & Zeng J. 2011. The response of peatlands to climate warming: a review. Acta Ecologica Sinica 31(3):157-162.